CONSTRUCTION OF OPENS WELLS

Open wells may be constructed in following three ways:

1. Kacha Wells.

These wells are of small depths and can be constructed in boulder or hard soils.
They can be construct places where water table is very near to the surface of the ground.
They can be only temporary source of irrigation water.
They may collapse easily and thus sometimes prove very dangerous.

2. Wells having Pervious Lining.

In this, the lining of the well is done in dry bricks or stones without using any mortar.
The seeping water can enter the well through the open joints of dry masonry.
Thus inflow in this case is radial and not axial. Such wells are generally plugged at the bottom by means of concrete.
If bottom is not plugged, then water will be entering the well both, from bottom as axial flow and sides as radial flow.
When such wells are constructed in fine sandy soil, the pervious lining is generally surrounded by gravel to act as vertical filter.
This vertical filter prevents ingress of sand along with seeping water.

3. Lined Wells.

In this case wells are line by stone or brick masonry or by cement concrete.
For constructing such a well first of all a pit is excavate with the help of hand tools.
The diameter of the pit is kept slightly larger in diameter than the finish diameter of the well.
After the pit has been dug a kerb is lai at its bottom and masonry is raise over it.
The masonry is raised above ground.
Now earth is excavat and bailed out of well and masonry is simultaneously raised over lining wall projecting above the ground level.

Construction of Open wells