WOOD WOOL Generally it is bye-product of big timber industries in the form of shavings of light weight timbers like chir, deodar and kail etc. At times it may be specially prepared with the help of special planning machines. It is an effective heat and sound insulating material. It is fairly cheap and flexible. Generally it is used in packaging of delicate materials for transportation and in the manufacture of fibre boards. Wood wool Properties Wood wool fibers can be compressed and when the pressure is removed they resume their initial volume. This is a useful property for minimizing their volume when shipping. Due to its high volume and large surface area, wood wool can be used for applications where water or moisture retention is necessary. The width of wood wool fibers varies from 1.5 to 20 mm, while their length is usually around 500 mm (depending on the production process). In…

REXINE Rexine : Molten PVC is applied to cotton cloth coming out of calendering machine and the treated cloth is then subjected to pressure between steel rollers. It  is then printed in desired colours and patterns. It is finally polished with varnish and dried. It is available in rolls. It is mostly used in upholstery work. Leatheroid is synthetic leather used in making coverings for furniture and for interior decoration work. Rexine is the registered trademark of an artificial leather leather cloth fabric produced in the United Kingdom by Rexine Ltd of Hyde, near Manchester, England. It was made of cloth surfaced with a mixture of cellulose nitrate (a low explosive also used as the propellant in firearms rounds), camphor oil, pigment and alcohol, embossed to look like leather. Used as a bookbinding material and upholstery covering, Rexine was also widely used in trimming and upholstering the interiors of motor…

Learn : LINOLEUM : Linoleum floors Types of linoleum - Plain linoleum,Stamped or printed linoleum,Inlaid linoleum,Uses of linoleum, Thickness of linoleum LINOLEUM In it linseed oil is oxidized by exposure to air into a tough, rubber like substance which is then mixed with ground cork, wood flour, colouring matter and other ingredients. The resulting plastic material is pressed upon a backing of burlap. It is then thoroughly cured and seasoned by passing it through drying ovens to get linoleum which is used as floor covering for wood and concrete floors. After drying the whole surface is applied with transparent oil varnish. Types of linoleum Linoleum is of three types : plain, printed or stamped and inlaid. It is available in the form of tiles or as rolls 2.0 metre wide. Length of rolls is not less than 5.5 metre. overall thickness is 4.5, 3.2, 2.0 and 1.6 mm. Tiles are…

Asbestos :Properties,Uses, Asbestos cement sheets,Types of AC sheets,Asbestos cement flat sheets,unreinforced corrugated asbestos sheet,Asbestos cement boards,Bakelite ASBESTOS Asbestos is available in nature as a mineral in Marwar, Garhwal (in U.P.); Bhandara (in MP) and Mysore. It is a silicate of calcium and magnesium found in the form of very thin fibers in venin’s of metamorphic rocks. Properties : It has low water permeability, is vermin proof and resists rot. It is brown, grey and white in colour. It is good for heat sound and electric insulation. It is resistant to acids and alkalies. Its fibres are capable of being woven into fabrics. It is highly durable and is strong. Its specific gravity is 3.10 Its melting point is 1200-11 50ºC It acts as reinforcing material when mixed with ordinary Portland Cement. Uses. Asbestos is used extensively for heat insulation. It is used for making fire proof padding, packing sheets and…

QUARRYING open, or surface, excavation of rock used for various purposes, including construction, ornamentation, road building, and as an industrial raw material. Rock that has been quarried is commonly called stone. Quarrying methods depend chiefly on the desired size and shape of the stone and its physical characteristics. For industrial use (e.g., limestone for preparing cement), as the aggregate in concrete, or for road beds, the rock is shattered. Explosives are detonated in a series of holes drilled in the rock in a pattern designed to yield the greatest amount of fracturing. The rock fragments may be further reduced in crushing machines and sorted according to size by screening. For building stone, rocks that do not shatter are separated by blasting; for softer rocks or when explosives cannot be used (e.g., because they would disturb adjacent workings), a process known as broaching, or channeling, is used. In this process a…

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD BUILDING STONES A good building stone should essentially have the following characteristics of good building stone, qualities:  characteristics of good building stone Appearance. For the face work of buildings this property is of extreme importance. From architectural point of view color of the stone should be such as to go well with the surroundings. Lighter shades should be preferred to the darker ones as the latter are less durable, Red and the brown shades of sedimentary rocks are due to the presence of oxide of iron-which, if present in excess, is liable to disfigure the stone with rust stains and to disintegrate it. Stones should be of uniform colour and free from clay holes, bands or spots of color whatsoever. characteristics of good building stone General Structure. Stone, when broken in a direction other than that of cleavage (if it exists), should not give dull appearance. It…

SIZES AND WEIGHTS OF BRICKS The Indian Standards Institution, New Delhi has specified standard bricks of 19 cm × 9 cm × 9 cm with 1 cm thick mortar joints (the size of brick with mortar joints becomes 20 cm × 10 cm × 10 cm). Brick tiles should be 19 cm × 9 cm × 4 cm in size. The minimum compressive strength of the standard brick has been specified as 35 kg/sq cm, however, different state PWD's have adopted different sizes. A few of them are given below: In UP : Brick size 24 cm × 11.4 cm × 7 cm Number of bricks used per cubic metre of masonry – 476. In Punjab PWD : Brick size 23 cm × 11 cm × 7 cm Number of bricks used per cubic metre – 536. In Punjab Irrigation : Brick size 23 cm × 11 cm × 7…